NMBI Fundamentals of Nursing 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the primary purpose of the nursing process?
- To provide a systematic, individualised framework for patient care (Correct answer)
- To document all nursing actions for legal protection
- To standardise care for all patients regardless of condition
- To reduce workload by following a fixed routine
Correct answer: To provide a systematic, individualised framework for patient care
The nursing process (Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, Evaluate) provides a structured, individualised approach to delivering patient-centred care based on each patient's unique needs.
Question 2: Which position is most appropriate for a patient in respiratory distress?
- High Fowler's (sitting upright at 90°) (Correct answer)
- Supine (lying flat)
- Trendelenburg (head lower than feet)
- Left lateral position
Correct answer: High Fowler's (sitting upright at 90°)
High Fowler's position maximises lung expansion by allowing the diaphragm to drop, improving ventilation and oxygenation in a patient with respiratory distress.
Question 3: What does the acronym 'SBAR' stand for in clinical communication?
- Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (Correct answer)
- Safety, Background, Action, Report
- Situation, Brief, Assessment, Response
- Status, Background, Action, Recommendation
Correct answer: Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation
SBAR — Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation — is a structured communication tool used in healthcare to ensure clear, complete handover of patient information.
Question 4: What is the normal oral temperature range for an adult?
- 36.1°C – 37.2°C (Correct answer)
- 35.0°C – 36.0°C
- 37.5°C – 38.5°C
- 34.0°C – 35.5°C
Correct answer: 36.1°C – 37.2°C
Normal adult oral temperature is 36.1°C to 37.2°C. A temperature above 37.5°C is generally considered a fever (pyrexia).
Question 5: Which of the following is an intrinsic risk factor for pressure ulcers?
- Impaired mobility (Correct answer)
- Inappropriate mattress
- Skin moisture from incontinence
- Friction from bedding
Correct answer: Impaired mobility
Intrinsic risk factors come from within the patient, such as impaired mobility, malnutrition, or poor circulation. Inappropriate mattress, friction, and moisture are extrinsic (external) factors.
Question 6: What is the correct order of the nursing process?
- Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, Evaluate (Correct answer)
- Plan, Assess, Implement, Diagnose, Evaluate
- Diagnose, Plan, Assess, Implement, Evaluate
- Assess, Plan, Diagnose, Implement, Evaluate
Correct answer: Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement, Evaluate
The nursing process follows the sequence: Assess (gather data), Diagnose (identify problems), Plan (set goals), Implement (carry out interventions), Evaluate (measure outcomes). This is the foundation of professional nursing practice.
NMBI Fundamentals of Nursing 1
What is the primary purpose of the nursing process?