NMBI Fundamentals of Nursing 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What does a urinalysis result of '++' for protein (proteinuria) potentially indicate?
- Kidney disease or damage (Correct answer)
- Normal kidney function
- Urinary tract infection only
- Dehydration
Correct answer: Kidney disease or damage
Proteinuria (protein in urine) is not a normal finding and may indicate kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, or other renal pathology. It warrants further investigation.
Question 2: Which vital sign is assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
- Level of consciousness (Correct answer)
- Blood pressure
- Respiratory rate
- Temperature
Correct answer: Level of consciousness
The Glasgow Coma Scale assesses level of consciousness by scoring eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. The maximum score is 15 (fully conscious); minimum is 3 (deep unconsciousness).
Question 3: What is the purpose of a care plan in nursing?
- To document individualised goals, interventions, and expected outcomes for each patient (Correct answer)
- To list all medications prescribed by the doctor
- To record the patient's past medical history only
- To serve as a billing document for the ward
Correct answer: To document individualised goals, interventions, and expected outcomes for each patient
A care plan is a documented, individualised guide that outlines nursing diagnoses, goals, planned interventions, and expected outcomes. It ensures continuity and consistency of care.
Question 4: What does the term 'holistic care' mean in nursing practice?
- Addressing the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of the patient (Correct answer)
- Focusing only on the patient's physical symptoms
- Providing care that follows a standard protocol for all patients
- Treating the disease without considering the patient's preferences
Correct answer: Addressing the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of the patient
Holistic care recognises that patients are whole people, not just their diagnosis. It requires nurses to address physical, psychological, social, cultural, and spiritual dimensions of health.
Question 5: When should hand hygiene be performed according to the WHO '5 Moments'?
- Before patient contact, before aseptic tasks, after body fluid exposure, after patient contact, and after contact with patient surroundings (Correct answer)
- Only before and after direct patient contact
- Only before medication administration
- Only when visibly contaminated
Correct answer: Before patient contact, before aseptic tasks, after body fluid exposure, after patient contact, and after contact with patient surroundings
The WHO 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene are a globally recognised framework to prevent healthcare-associated infections. All five moments are mandatory.
Question 6: What is the primary goal of palliative care nursing?
- To improve quality of life by relieving suffering and providing comfort (Correct answer)
- To cure the underlying disease
- To prolong life by any means possible
- To prepare patients for surgical intervention
Correct answer: To improve quality of life by relieving suffering and providing comfort
Palliative care focuses on quality of life — relieving pain, managing symptoms, and providing psychological and spiritual support for patients with life-limiting illness and their families.
NMBI Fundamentals of Nursing 2
What does a urinalysis result of '++' for protein (proteinuria) potentially indicate?