Next Structure and Components 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which bone serves as the primary weight-bearing structure of the lower leg?
- Fibula
- Tibia (Correct answer)
- Patella
- Talus
Correct answer: Tibia
The tibia is the larger, medial bone of the lower leg and bears the majority of body weight.
Question 2: The myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers is produced in the peripheral nervous system by which cells?
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Schwann cells (Correct answer)
- Microglia
Correct answer: Schwann cells
Schwann cells wrap around peripheral nerve axons to form the myelin sheath, which speeds signal conduction.
Question 3: The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in which chamber of the heart?
- Left ventricle
- Right atrium (Correct answer)
- Left atrium
- Right ventricle
Correct answer: Right atrium
The SA node is embedded in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava.
Question 4: Which component of a synovial joint produces synovial fluid?
- Articular cartilage
- Bursa
- Synovial membrane (Correct answer)
- Joint capsule
Correct answer: Synovial membrane
The synovial membrane (synovium) lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid for lubrication and nutrition.
Question 5: Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes responsible for skin pigmentation?
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum basale (Correct answer)
- Stratum spinosum
Correct answer: Stratum basale
Melanocytes are found in the stratum basale (deepest epidermal layer) where they produce melanin.
Question 6: The nephron's glomerulus is enclosed within which structure?
- Loop of Henle
- Bowman's capsule (Correct answer)
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct
Correct answer: Bowman's capsule
Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerular capillary tuft and captures the filtrate during glomerular filtration.
Question 7: Which structural component of the respiratory tract prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?
- Uvula
- Epiglottis (Correct answer)
- Soft palate
- Vocal cords
Correct answer: Epiglottis
The epiglottis folds down over the glottis during swallowing to divert food toward the esophagus.
Next Structure and Components 2
Which bone serves as the primary weight-bearing structure of the lower leg?