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Question 1

Which food should a patient taking an MAO inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressant avoid?

Accepted Answer

Aged cheeses, cured meats, and fermented foods

Answer

Aged cheeses, cured meats, and fermented foods are high in tyramine, which MAOIs prevent from being metabolized, potentially causing a hypertensive crisis.

Question 2

A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed regular insulin and NPH insulin. What is the correct mixing sequence?

Accepted Answer

Draw regular (clear) insulin first, then NPH (cloudy)

Answer

The mnemonic 'clear before cloudy' guides drawing regular (clear) insulin first to prevent contaminating the regular insulin vial with NPH, which would alter its action profile.

Question 3

Which statement best describes the therapeutic effect of ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril) in heart failure?

Accepted Answer

They reduce afterload and preload, decreasing myocardial workload

Answer

ACE inhibitors block angiotensin II formation, causing vasodilation that reduces both afterload and preload, thereby decreasing the workload on a failing heart.

Question 4

A nurse is educating a patient prescribed methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Which supplement is often prescribed concurrently to reduce side effects?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid

Answer

Folic acid supplementation is routinely prescribed with methotrexate to reduce the drug's folate-antagonist side effects such as mucositis, nausea, and liver toxicity.

Question 5

Which assessment finding is MOST consistent with opioid toxicity?

Accepted Answer

Pinpoint pupils, respiratory rate of 6 breaths/min, and decreased consciousness

Answer

The classic triad of opioid toxicity is miosis (pinpoint pupils), respiratory depression, and decreased level of consciousness.

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