NEX Biology: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

The cell is the smallest unit of life capable of carrying out all basic biological functions independently.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP (energy) in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration to generate ATP, earning the nickname 'powerhouse of the cell.'

Question 3

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

To regulate what enters and exits the cell

Answer

The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 4

Which organelle contains the cell's DNA and serves as the control center of cellular activities?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material (DNA) and directs cellular functions including protein synthesis.

Question 5

What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Ribosomes are the sites where messenger RNA is translated into proteins during the process of translation.

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