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Battery and UPS Systems Testing Flashcards

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  1. Which UPS topology provides zero transfer time to battery during a utility power outage because the load is always powered by the inverter?

    Answer: Double-conversion (online) UPS

    In a double-conversion online UPS, the load is continuously powered through the rectifier and inverter, so there is no transfer time when utility power fails.

  2. During a UPS acceptance test, which specific test verifies that the inverter can independently support the full connected load without utility input?

    Answer: Battery runtime (discharge) test

    The battery runtime test disconnects utility input and verifies the UPS inverter can sustain the rated load for the specified backup duration using only stored battery energy.

  3. What output power quality parameter should be measured at the UPS output terminals during load acceptance testing to assess the quality of power delivered to critical loads?

    Answer: Output voltage regulation and total harmonic distortion (THD)

    Output voltage regulation and THD characterize the quality of power delivered to critical loads, ensuring the UPS meets the clean power specifications required by sensitive equipment.

  4. When the static bypass switch in a UPS system transfers the load, where does the load power come from?

    Answer: Utility (bypass) power, bypassing the rectifier and inverter

    The static bypass switch transfers the load directly to utility power, bypassing the rectifier, battery, and inverter to allow UPS maintenance or to handle overload conditions.

  5. Failure of which component in the UPS rectifier/charger section would most likely cause excessive AC ripple voltage on the DC bus?

    Answer: DC filter capacitors

    DC filter capacitors smooth the pulsating DC output of the rectifier; when they degrade or fail, AC ripple passes through to the DC bus and battery.

  6. What is the purpose of applying an equalization charge to a flooded lead-acid battery string?

    Answer: To apply a controlled overcharge that equalizes cell voltages and specific gravity across all cells

    Equalization applies a higher-than-normal controlled charge voltage to drive stratified electrolyte and sulfated cells back to full, uniform charge across all cells in the string.

  7. During UPS output testing, what does proper automatic voltage regulation (AVR) function demonstrate?

    Answer: Output voltage remains within specification despite input voltage variations

    Proper AVR maintains stable output voltage within specified tolerances even when utility input voltage varies, protecting connected equipment from voltage sags and surges.