NES Child Development & Learning Theories 3

Question 1

Bowlby's attachment theory proposes that children's early bonds with primary caregivers:

Accepted Answer

Form the foundation for social-emotional development and all future relationships

Answer

Have minimal impact on later academic performance

Answer

Are temporary and easily replaced by peer relationships in school

Answer

Are determined entirely by the child's innate temperament

Question 2

B.F. Skinner's concept of 'shaping' in operant conditioning involves:

Accepted Answer

Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired target behavior

Answer

Punishing all undesired behaviors until they are fully eliminated

Answer

Using peer models to demonstrate appropriate classroom behavior

Answer

Establishing consistent daily routines to build behavioral expectations

Question 3

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which system encompasses the immediate settings where a child directly participates, such as home and school?

Accepted Answer

Microsystem

Answer

Macrosystem

Answer

Exosystem

Answer

Chronosystem

Question 4

Which stage of language development is characterized by two-word utterances such as 'more milk' or 'daddy go'?

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech stage

Answer

Babbling stage

Answer

Holophrastic (one-word) stage

Answer

Overgeneralization stage

Question 5

The concept of a 'sensitive period' (or critical period) in child development suggests that:

Accepted Answer

There are optimal windows of time during which certain skills are most easily and naturally acquired

Answer

All developmental skills can be learned equally well at any age with proper instruction

Answer

Children who miss early milestones are permanently unable to acquire those skills

Answer

Adolescence is the single most important period for all aspects of cognitive development

Question 6

Executive function skills that develop significantly during early childhood and strongly predict academic success include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor reflexes

Answer

Working memory

Answer

Cognitive flexibility

Answer

Inhibitory control

Question 7

Bandura's concept of self-efficacy is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A person's belief in their own ability to succeed in specific situations or tasks

Answer

A student's current academic performance level on standardized tests

Answer

The social comparisons students make when evaluating themselves against peers

Answer

The degree to which students rely on external teacher feedback to stay motivated