NEET Human Physiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of starch?
- Pepsin
- Lipase
- Salivary amylase (Ptyalin) (Correct answer)
- Trypsin
Correct answer: Salivary amylase (Ptyalin)
Salivary amylase (ptyalin) in saliva begins breaking down starch into maltose in the mouth, initiating carbohydrate digestion.
Question 2: What is the role of the epiglottis in the human body?
- Produce digestive enzymes
- Regulate blood pressure
- Prevent food from entering the trachea (Correct answer)
- Filter blood in the kidneys
Correct answer: Prevent food from entering the trachea
The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that closes over the trachea during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the airways.
Question 3: Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels by lowering them?
- Glucagon
- Cortisol
- Insulin (Correct answer)
- Thyroxine
Correct answer: Insulin
Insulin, secreted by beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, facilitates glucose uptake by cells, lowering blood glucose levels.
Question 4: What is the process of gas exchange between blood and body cells called?
- External respiration
- Internal (tissue) respiration (Correct answer)
- Ventilation
- Pulmonary circulation
Correct answer: Internal (tissue) respiration
Internal (tissue) respiration refers to the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood capillaries and body cells at the tissue level.
Question 5: Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?
- Veins
- Capillaries
- Venules
- Arteries (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Arteries
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues (except the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood to lungs).
Question 6: Which gland is often called the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?
- Thyroid gland
- Adrenal gland
- Pineal gland
- Pituitary gland (Correct answer)
Correct answer: Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it secretes hormones that regulate other endocrine glands throughout the body.
NEET Human Physiology 2
Which enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of starch?