NEDP Critical Thinking and Problem Solving 2

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

All mammals breathe air. Dolphins are mammals. Therefore, dolphins breathe air.

Answer

Deductive reasoning moves from general premises to a specific, logically certain conclusion.

Question 2

A logical fallacy called 'false dilemma' presents a situation as if there are only two choices when there are actually more. Which statement is an example?

Accepted Answer

'You're either with us or against us — there's no middle ground.'

Answer

The false dilemma forces a binary choice, ignoring the full spectrum of possible positions.

Question 3

Which question strategy is most useful when trying to understand the root cause of a problem?

Accepted Answer

Asking 'Why?' repeatedly until the underlying cause is identified (the '5 Whys' technique)

Answer

The '5 Whys' technique drills down past symptoms to identify the real root cause of a problem.

Question 4

Which of the following is the best definition of 'evidence-based decision making'?

Accepted Answer

Using reliable data and factual information as the primary basis for decisions

Answer

Evidence-based decisions rely on verified data and factual research rather than assumptions or opinion.

Question 5

What is 'lateral thinking'?

Accepted Answer

Approaching problems creatively from unexpected angles rather than following conventional logic

Answer

Lateral thinking (coined by Edward de Bono) involves creative, indirect approaches that break conventional patterns.

NEDP - National External Diploma Program Practice Test

NEDP - National External Diploma Program Practice Test

NEDP Critical Thinking and Problem Solving 2