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Weld Inspection & Evaluation Flashcards

7 cards from real NDT practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. During weld inspection, 'heat-affected zone (HAZ) cracking' most commonly occurs due to which condition?

    Answer: High hydrogen content and rapid cooling of hardenable base metals

    HAZ cracking (hydrogen-induced cracking) results from hydrogen absorbed during welding combined with rapid cooling of microstructures susceptible to hardening, creating brittle zones prone to cracking under residual stress.

  2. What is the theoretical throat of a flat-faced fillet weld with a 1/2-inch leg size?

    Answer: 0.354 inch

    The theoretical throat equals 0.707 × leg size; for a 1/2-inch leg: 0.707 × 0.5 = 0.354 inch, representing the shortest distance from the weld root to the hypotenuse of the triangular cross-section.

  3. Which AWS code governs the structural welding of steel for pressure vessels and boiler applications inspected under NDT boilermaker standards?

    Answer: ASME Section VIII Division 1

    ASME Section VIII Division 1 is the primary code governing the design, fabrication, inspection, and certification of pressure vessels and boilers, making it the key standard for boilermaker NDT work.

  4. What type of weld discontinuity is described as a groove melted into the base metal adjacent to the weld toe?

    Answer: Undercut

    Undercut is a groove or channel burned into the base metal along the weld toe by excessive heat or current, reducing the effective cross-sectional thickness and creating a stress concentration.

  5. When visually inspecting a weld for surface porosity, an inspector finds pits on the weld face that break the surface. Under ASME Section VIII, this condition is:

    Answer: Rejectable because surface porosity indicates potential internal porosity and incomplete fusion

    Surface porosity in pressure vessel welds is rejectable under ASME Section VIII because open pits indicate gas entrapment that can extend internally, compromising the pressure boundary integrity.

  6. A weld is made with E7018 electrodes on A36 base metal. What does the '70' in E7018 designate?

    Answer: Minimum tensile strength of 70,000 psi for the deposited weld metal

    In the AWS electrode classification E7018, the '70' indicates a minimum tensile strength of 70,000 psi (70 ksi) for the deposited weld metal in the as-welded condition.

  7. What does the term 'weld discontinuity' mean compared to the term 'weld defect'?

    Answer: A discontinuity is any interruption in the weld structure; a defect is a discontinuity that exceeds acceptance criteria

    A discontinuity is any interruption or irregularity in the weld structure, while a defect is specifically a discontinuity that exceeds the acceptance limits defined by the applicable code and requires rejection or repair.