NDHCE General and Oral Pathology

Question 1

Which oral lesion is characterized by a white, non-wipeable plaque that cannot be attributed to any other condition and carries a risk of malignant transformation?

Accepted Answer

Leukoplakia

Answer

Leukoplakia is defined as a white patch that cannot be rubbed off and cannot be classified as any other diagnosable disease, and it carries a risk of malignant transformation.

Question 2

A patient presents with a painless, slow-growing swelling on the palate that is firm on palpation and has been present for years. This description is most consistent with which salivary gland tumor?

Accepted Answer

Pleomorphic adenoma

Answer

Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumor) is the most common salivary gland tumor and presents as a slow-growing, painless, firm mass, most often on the palate among minor salivary gland sites.

Question 3

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is responsible for anaphylaxis following administration of penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Type I (IgE-mediated)

Answer

Anaphylaxis is a Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils, triggering rapid release of histamine and other mediators.

Question 4

Oral hairy leukoplakia is caused by which virus and is strongly associated with immunosuppression?

Accepted Answer

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Answer

Oral hairy leukoplakia is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is most commonly seen in HIV-positive individuals as a marker of immunosuppression.

Question 5

A bluish, dome-shaped fluctuant nodule located on the lower lip mucosa is most likely which pathological entity?

Accepted Answer

Mucocele

Answer

A mucocele is caused by rupture of a minor salivary gland duct with mucous extravasation into surrounding tissue, appearing as a bluish, fluctuant swelling most often on the lower lip.

NDHCE - National Dental Hygiene Certification Examination Practice Test

NDHCE - National Dental Hygiene Certification Examination Practice Test

NDHCE General and Oral Pathology