NCTRC NCTRC Foundational Knowledge and Theoretical Frameworks 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In the Health Protection/Health Promotion Model developed by Austin, which role does the TR specialist assume when a client is in poor health?
- Facilitator
- Instructor
- Therapist (Correct answer)
- Educator
Correct answer: Therapist
Austin's model specifies that the TR specialist acts as a therapist when the client is in poor health and requires prescriptive, directed intervention to stabilize or improve functioning.
Question 2: Outcome-based documentation in TR requires that goals be written in terms of:
- Activities the specialist plans to provide
- Observable and measurable client behaviors (Correct answer)
- The theoretical model guiding treatment
- The number of sessions per week
Correct answer: Observable and measurable client behaviors
Outcome-based documentation requires goals stated as observable, measurable client behaviors so progress can be objectively evaluated.
Question 3: Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention in therapeutic recreation?
- Teaching stress management to healthy employees
- Screening a community population for depression risk
- Providing leisure education to prevent relapse after substance abuse treatment (Correct answer)
- Conducting fitness classes to reduce obesity rates
Correct answer: Providing leisure education to prevent relapse after substance abuse treatment
Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the impact of an existing condition and prevent relapse or complications, such as post-treatment leisure education in substance abuse recovery.
Question 4: The Therapeutic Recreation Accountability Model (TRAM) differs from the Leisure Ability Model primarily in that TRAM:
- Excludes functional intervention components
- Explicitly links program services to client outcomes and demonstrates accountability (Correct answer)
- Focuses only on inpatient psychiatric settings
- Replaces the need for individual assessment
Correct answer: Explicitly links program services to client outcomes and demonstrates accountability
TRAM, developed by Stumbo and Peterson, provides a systematic framework connecting assessment, program design, implementation, and outcome measurement to demonstrate TR's effectiveness.
Question 5: A TR specialist notices that a client avoids group activities due to fear of embarrassment. This barrier is BEST classified as:
- Intrapersonal barrier (Correct answer)
- Interpersonal barrier
- Structural barrier
- Environmental barrier
Correct answer: Intrapersonal barrier
Intrapersonal barriers originate within the individual, such as psychological states like fear, anxiety, or lack of self-confidence that inhibit leisure participation.
Question 6: According to Person-First Language principles used in TR documentation, which phrasing is MOST appropriate?
- The autistic client needs sensory breaks
- The client with autism needs sensory breaks (Correct answer)
- The autism case requires sensory intervention
- The special-needs patient requires breaks
Correct answer: The client with autism needs sensory breaks
Person-first language places the person before the diagnosis ('client with autism'), emphasizing that the disability does not define the individual.
Question 7: Which concept from social psychology explains why individuals may participate less enthusiastically in group leisure activities when others are present to share the task?
- Social facilitation
- Social loafing (Correct answer)
- Groupthink
- Conformity bias
Correct answer: Social loafing
Social loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort on a task when working in a group compared to working alone, which can affect engagement in group TR activities.
NCTRC NCTRC Foundational Knowledge and Theoretical Frameworks 5
In the Health Protection/Health Promotion Model developed by Austin, which role does the TR specialist assume when a client is in poor health?