NCMA Anatomy and Physiology 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which organ is responsible for producing insulin to regulate blood glucose levels?
- Liver
- Pancreas (Correct answer)
- Kidney
- Spleen
Correct answer: Pancreas
The pancreas contains islets of Langerhans that produce insulin, which lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.
Question 2: What is the largest organ of the human body by surface area?
- Liver
- Lungs
- Skin (Correct answer)
- Intestines
Correct answer: Skin
The skin is the largest organ, covering the entire exterior of the body and serving as the primary protective barrier against pathogens.
Question 3: How many chambers does the human heart have?
- Two
- Three
- Four (Correct answer)
- Six
Correct answer: Four
The heart has four chambers — two atria (upper) and two ventricles (lower) — that work together to pump oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Question 4: Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body?
- Pulmonary vein
- Aorta (Correct answer)
- Superior vena cava
- Pulmonary artery
Correct answer: Aorta
The aorta is the largest artery in the body, carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into the systemic circulation.
Question 5: The process by which somatic cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells is called:
- Mitosis (Correct answer)
- Meiosis
- Osmosis
- Diffusion
Correct answer: Mitosis
Mitosis is the type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, used for growth, tissue repair, and replacement.
Question 6: Which division of the nervous system controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiration?
- Somatic nervous system
- Central nervous system
- Autonomic nervous system (Correct answer)
- Peripheral nervous system
Correct answer: Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary bodily functions including heart rate, glandular secretion, and digestion without conscious control.
Question 7: The femur is the longest bone in the body and is located in which region?
- Upper arm
- Lower leg
- Thigh (Correct answer)
- Forearm
Correct answer: Thigh
The femur (thigh bone) extends from the hip to the knee and is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the human body.
NCMA Anatomy and Physiology 1
Which organ is responsible for producing insulin to regulate blood glucose levels?