Social and Cultural Flashcards

The term 'cultural encapsulation,' as described by Gilbert Wrenn, refers to counselors who:

Answer: Become overly dependent on cultural stereotypes and ignore individual differences

Cultural encapsulation describes counselors who are imprisoned in their own cultural assumptions, ignore cultural differences, and apply their worldview universally without questioning its cultural biases.

Microaggressions, as described by Derald Wing Sue, are BEST defined as:

Answer: Subtle, often automatic, everyday slights and indignities directed at marginalized groups

Microaggressions are brief, subtle, often unintentional communications that convey denigrating messages to members of marginalized groups. They may be verbal, behavioral, or environmental.

According to the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC), privileged counselor characteristics include:

Answer: Characteristics that confer systemic advantages (race, gender, socioeconomic status, ability, sexual orientation, etc.)

The MSJCC recognizes that privilege operates across multiple intersecting social identities that confer systemic advantages. Counselors must examine their own privileged positions across all relevant dimensions.

A Native American client declines to make eye contact with the counselor during sessions. The culturally competent counselor should:

Answer: Recognize that eye contact norms vary across cultures and not pathologize the behavior

In many Native American cultures, avoiding direct eye contact with authority figures is a sign of respect, not deception or avoidance. Culturally competent counselors understand that nonverbal communication norms are culturally shaped.

The 'racial/cultural identity development model' (R/CID) proposed by Sue and Sue describes a stage in which individuals from marginalized groups internalize negative views of their own group. This stage is called:

Answer: Conformity

The Conformity stage is characterized by preference for the dominant culture's values and norms, and depreciation of one's own racial/cultural group. Individuals may actively try to assimilate or deny their cultural identity.

Acculturation refers to:

Answer: The process of cultural and psychological change that occurs through contact between cultural groups

Acculturation is the bidirectional process of cultural change that occurs when individuals from different cultural backgrounds come into contact. Berry's model identifies four acculturation strategies: assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization.