Human Growth and Development Flashcards
6 cards from real NCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Human Growth and Development flashcards as text
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross's stages of grief (DABDA) have been widely used in counseling. Which stage involves bargaining with a higher power or fate to undo the loss?
Answer: Bargaining
The Bargaining stage involves attempts to negotiate with God, fate, or medical professionals -- 'If only I had done X, this wouldn't have happened' or 'If you let me live, I promise to...' It reflects an attempt to regain control.
Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory identifies the 'mesosystem' as:
Answer: The connections and interactions between microsystems
The mesosystem represents the relationships and interactions between different microsystems in a child's life -- for example, the connection between home and school, or between family and peer group.
Research on late adulthood (65+) suggests that cognitive decline is NOT uniform. Which cognitive ability is MOST preserved in healthy aging?
Answer: Crystallized intelligence
Crystallized intelligence -- accumulated knowledge, vocabulary, and verbal skills -- tends to be well preserved or even increase with age. Fluid intelligence (processing speed, working memory) declines with aging.
The 'nature versus nurture' debate in developmental psychology refers to:
Answer: The ongoing inquiry into the relative contributions of genetics and environment to development
The nature-nurture debate addresses how much of human development is determined by genetic/biological factors (nature) versus environmental/experiential factors (nurture). Contemporary science recognizes a bidirectional interaction.
According to Bandura's Social Learning Theory, which process is MOST critical for observational learning to result in actual behavior change?
Answer: Self-efficacy and outcome expectations about the modeled behavior
Bandura emphasized that observational learning requires four processes: Attention, Retention, Reproduction, and Motivation. Motivation is directly linked to self-efficacy (can I do this?) and outcome expectations (will it lead to good outcomes?), making these critical to actual behavior change.
In the context of adolescent development, which developmental task did Erikson associate with the fifth stage: Identity vs. Role Confusion?
Answer: Developing a coherent and stable sense of self across roles and contexts
The central task of Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion stage (adolescence, roughly 12-18) is forming a stable, coherent sense of personal identity -- integrating previous experiences and roles into a unified self-concept.