Human Growth and Development Flashcards
6 cards from real NCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Human Growth and Development flashcards as text
Erik Erikson's stage of 'Intimacy vs. Isolation' is associated with which developmental period?
Answer: Young adulthood (18-40 years)
Intimacy vs. Isolation is Erikson's sixth stage, occurring in young adulthood (approximately 18-40 years). The developmental task is forming close, committed relationships; failure results in emotional isolation and loneliness.
Piaget's stage of 'formal operations' is characterized by the child's ability to:
Answer: Think abstractly and reason about hypothetical situations
Formal operations (approximately ages 12 and up) involves the capacity for abstract reasoning, hypothetico-deductive thinking, and systematic scientific reasoning -- no longer limited to concrete, observable reality.
Which theorist developed the concept of 'moral development' through stages, proposing that higher stages involve universal ethical principles?
Answer: Lawrence Kohlberg
Lawrence Kohlberg developed a stage theory of moral development (building on Piaget) with three levels: Preconventional, Conventional, and Postconventional. The highest stage (Stage 6) involves adherence to universal ethical principles.
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure was designed to assess:
Answer: Infant-caregiver attachment patterns
The Strange Situation is a structured laboratory procedure in which infants are briefly separated from and reunited with their caregiver to assess attachment security and the quality of the attachment relationship.
The concept of 'zone of proximal development' (ZPD) was introduced by which developmental psychologist?
Answer: Lev Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky defined the ZPD as the distance between what a child can accomplish independently and what they can accomplish with guidance from a more capable other. Learning occurs within this zone.
According to James Marcia's extension of Erikson's work, an adolescent who has not explored identity options and has made commitments based on parental or authority figures' expectations is in which identity status?
Answer: Identity foreclosure
Identity foreclosure describes individuals who have made commitments (often to parental values/careers/beliefs) without undergoing an exploration process. They appear decided but have not engaged in authentic identity search.