Human Growth and Development 1 Flashcards
6 cards from real NCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Human Growth and Development 1 flashcards as text
Vygotsky's concept of the 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) refers to:
Answer: The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance
Vygotsky defined the ZPD as the gap between a learner's independent capability and their potential with skilled guidance or collaboration, emphasizing the social nature of learning.
According to Bowlby's attachment theory, which phase describes infants (approximately 6–24 months) who show clear preference for specific caregivers and exhibit separation protest?
Answer: Clear-cut attachment phase
The clear-cut attachment phase (roughly 6–24 months) is marked by strong, selective attachment to familiar caregivers, stranger anxiety, and distress upon separation.
In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the 'mesosystem' is best described as:
Answer: The interactions and connections between two or more microsystems
The mesosystem comprises the linkages between microsystems—for example, the relationship between a child's home life and their school environment—rather than any single setting itself.
According to Freud's psychosexual theory, the 'latency stage' occurs during which approximate age range?
Answer: Ages 6 to puberty
During the latency stage (roughly ages 6 through puberty), sexual impulses are repressed and children focus energy on social and intellectual skills, with same-sex peer relationships becoming prominent.
Havighurst's developmental task theory suggests that each life stage presents specific tasks that must be mastered for healthy development. Which task is most associated with middle adulthood?
Answer: Achieving civic and social responsibility and guiding the next generation
Havighurst identified guiding the next generation, contributing to civic life, and maintaining career productivity as central developmental tasks of middle adulthood, paralleling Erikson's concept of generativity.
Bandura's social learning theory introduced the concept of 'self-efficacy,' which is defined as:
Answer: A person's belief in their own capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific outcomes
Self-efficacy, central to Bandura's theory, refers to an individual's confidence in their ability to perform a specific behavior or reach a goal, and it powerfully influences motivation, resilience, and achievement.