Mixed Deck — All NCE Topics Flashcards

A client reports hearing voices telling them they are chosen by God, believing they have special powers, going 4 days without sleep, and feeling on top of the world. Which DSM-5 diagnosis is MOST likely?

Answer: Bipolar I Disorder, Manic Episode

The combination of elevated/expansive mood, grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, and psychotic features (auditory hallucinations) describes a manic episode, which is the defining feature of Bipolar I Disorder.

When a test measures what it is supposed to measure, this is referred to as:

Answer: Validity

Validity refers to the degree to which a test actually measures what it claims to measure. It is the most fundamental quality of a psychological test.

Which of the following best describes 'unconditional positive regard' in person-centered therapy?

Answer: Accepting the client fully without conditions or judgment

Unconditional positive regard means the counselor accepts and values the client as a person regardless of their behavior or statements.

The Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) has largely been replaced by which online career resource?

Answer: O*NET (Occupational Information Network)

O*NET (Occupational Information Network), maintained by the U.S. Department of Labor, replaced the DOT. It provides comprehensive information on skills, knowledge, abilities, work activities, and labor market data for hundreds of occupations.

Consultation differs from supervision primarily because consultation:

Answer: Is typically voluntary and non-hierarchical

Unlike supervision, consultation is generally collegial and voluntary with no hierarchical authority or formal evaluation component.

When a client says, 'I can't pursue nursing because women in my family don't work outside the home,' a career counselor using SCCT would focus on:

Answer: Identifying perceived barriers and their impact on self-efficacy and goals

SCCT directs counselors to explore perceived barriers (contextual obstacles) and how they affect self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Interventions target both internal beliefs and external structural obstacles.

In the context of test development, 'item difficulty' (p-value) refers to:

Answer: The proportion of examinees who answered the item correctly

Item difficulty (p-value) is the proportion of test-takers who answered an item correctly. A p-value of 0.50 means 50% got it right -- considered an ideal difficulty level for maximum discrimination.

What role does collaboration play in human growth for NCE professionals?

Answer: It enhances outcomes through diverse perspectives and shared expertise

Collaboration leverages diverse perspectives and combined expertise to achieve better outcomes than any individual could alone.

Which technique is associated with Adlerian Individual Psychology when a counselor suggests a client intentionally engage in a feared or problematic behavior?

Answer: Paradoxical intention

Paradoxical intention (originally from Frankl, adopted by Adlerians) involves prescribing the symptom -- instructing the client to intentionally do or wish for the feared behavior, which interrupts the anxiety-symptom cycle.

Which of the following is an example of a norm-referenced assessment?

Answer: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

The WAIS is norm-referenced because scores are interpreted by comparing an individual's performance to a standardization sample (the norm group), typically yielding standard scores with a mean of 100 and SD of 15.

What is internal motivation referred to as?

Answer: Intrinsic Motivation

Internal motivation is referred to as intrinsic motivation. This type of motivation stems from within the individual, driven by personal interest, enjoyment, or the inherent satisfaction derived from an activity itself. Unlike extrinsic motivation, which relies on external rewards or pressures, intrinsic motivation encourages engagement for its own sake, fostering greater persistence and satisfaction.

In Jungian (Analytical) Psychology, the 'shadow' archetype refers to:

Answer: The unconscious part of the psyche containing repressed or rejected traits

The shadow is the unconscious repository of traits, impulses, and aspects of self that the ego has rejected as incompatible with the conscious persona.

ADHD can be diagnosed in adults under the DSM-5. Which is a key requirement for adult ADHD diagnosis?

Answer: At least 5 inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms persisting with evidence of onset before age 12

DSM-5 requires that ADHD symptoms in adults meet a reduced threshold of 5+ symptoms (vs. 6+ for children) in either inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity, with evidence that symptoms were present before age 12.

Which statistic represents the middle value in a ranked distribution of scores?

Answer: Median

The median is the middle score when all values are arranged in ascending or descending order, dividing the distribution in half.

What is the proper course of action when an NCE professional witnesses unethical behavior by a colleague?

Answer: Report through established channels

Reporting unethical behavior through established channels ensures proper investigation while maintaining professional conduct.

Split-half reliability is used to estimate:

Answer: Internal consistency from a single administration

Split-half reliability divides a single test into two halves and correlates the scores to estimate internal consistency without requiring two test sessions.

The term 'cultural encapsulation,' as described by Gilbert Wrenn, refers to counselors who:

Answer: Become overly dependent on cultural stereotypes and ignore individual differences

Cultural encapsulation describes counselors who are imprisoned in their own cultural assumptions, ignore cultural differences, and apply their worldview universally without questioning its cultural biases.

A counselor using Gestalt therapy asks a client to 'become' their anxiety and speak from that perspective. This technique is called:

Answer: Identification and enactment

Identification and enactment involves the client embodying a feeling, dream element, or part of themselves to increase awareness and integration.

When facing an ethical dilemma in NCE practice, what is the recommended first step?

Answer: Identify the relevant ethical principles and stakeholders

Identifying the relevant ethical principles and all affected stakeholders provides a framework for systematic ethical analysis.

What obligation does confidentiality impose on NCE professionals?

Answer: Protect sensitive information and share only as authorized

Confidentiality requires protecting sensitive information and only sharing it through authorized channels and for legitimate purposes.