NCCPA Pediatric Care 3

Question 1

A 3-year-old presents with fever, drooling, and refusal to swallow. She is leaning forward in the 'sniffing position.' What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottitis

Answer

Epiglottitis presents with high fever, drooling, dysphagia, and the tripod/sniffing position due to supraglottic inflammation, and is a airway emergency.

Question 2

Which developmental milestone should a typically developing 12-month-old be able to perform?

Accepted Answer

Walk with one hand held and say 1-2 words

Answer

At 12 months, infants typically walk with support and produce 1-2 meaningful words beyond 'mama/dada.'

Question 3

A neonate born at 36 weeks develops respiratory distress within 4 hours of birth. Chest X-ray shows bilateral ground-glass opacities with air bronchograms. The MOST likely diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Answer

RDS results from surfactant deficiency in premature infants and presents with early respiratory distress and bilateral ground-glass infiltrates on X-ray.

Question 4

A 6-year-old with newly diagnosed ALL is found to have a WBC of 120,000/µL. Which complication requires immediate prophylactic intervention?

Accepted Answer

Tumor lysis syndrome

Answer

Tumor lysis syndrome is the most immediate concern with high-burden ALL; IV hydration, allopurinol or rasburicase, and electrolyte monitoring are initiated before chemotherapy.

Question 5

A 2-month-old presents for well-child care. Which vaccines are due at this visit per the ACIP schedule?

Accepted Answer

DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV15, HepB, RV

Answer

At 2 months, infants receive DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV15 (or PCV20), HepB (second dose), and rotavirus vaccine per the ACIP schedule.

(NCCPA) National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants Practice Test

(NCCPA) National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants Practice Test

NCCPA Pediatric Care 3