NCBTMB Kinesiology and Biomechanics 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Anterior pelvic tilt is produced by which combined muscular imbalance?
- Tight hamstrings and weak hip flexors
- Tight hip flexors and weak abdominals/gluteals (Correct answer)
- Tight abdominals and weak erector spinae
- Tight gluteals and weak quadriceps
Correct answer: Tight hip flexors and weak abdominals/gluteals
Anterior pelvic tilt results from tight hip flexors pulling the anterior pelvis down combined with weak abdominals and gluteals that fail to counteract the tilt.
Question 2: Which term describes the ability of a muscle to return to its original length after being stretched?
- Contractility
- Extensibility
- Elasticity (Correct answer)
- Excitability
Correct answer: Elasticity
Elasticity is the property that allows a muscle to return to its resting length after passive stretching has been applied.
Question 3: The thoracolumbar fascia plays a key role in stabilizing which structure during load transfer?
- Cervical spine
- Lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints (Correct answer)
- Knee joint
- Shoulder girdle
Correct answer: Lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints
The thoracolumbar fascia connects the latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus, and transversus abdominis to provide tension that stabilizes the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints.
Question 4: Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) involves overuse of which muscle group?
- Wrist flexors
- Wrist extensors (Correct answer)
- Forearm pronators
- Finger flexors
Correct answer: Wrist extensors
Lateral epicondylitis involves repetitive strain and microtearing of the wrist extensor tendons (primarily ECRB) at their origin on the lateral epicondyle.
Question 5: When a therapist applies deep tissue pressure, which tissue property allows deformation without returning to original shape?
- Elasticity
- Contractility
- Plasticity (Correct answer)
- Extensibility
Correct answer: Plasticity
Plasticity is the tissue property that allows permanent deformation following applied force, which is relevant to the effects of deep tissue massage on fascia.
Question 6: The 'force couple' produced by the subscapularis anteriorly and infraspinatus/teres minor posteriorly creates which motion?
- Shoulder flexion
- Glenohumeral compression and stabilization (Correct answer)
- Scapular elevation
- Shoulder abduction
Correct answer: Glenohumeral compression and stabilization
The anterior and posterior rotator cuff muscles create opposing forces that compress and centralize the humeral head in the glenoid fossa, providing dynamic glenohumeral stability.
Question 7: During normal respiration, which muscle is the primary mover during inhalation?
- External intercostals
- Internal intercostals
- Diaphragm (Correct answer)
- Sternocleidomastoid
Correct answer: Diaphragm
The diaphragm is the primary muscle of inhalation; when it contracts and flattens, it increases thoracic volume, drawing air into the lungs.
NCBTMB Kinesiology and Biomechanics 5
Anterior pelvic tilt is produced by which combined muscular imbalance?