NCBTMB Anatomy and Kinesiology 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which muscle is responsible for retracting (adducting) the scapula?
- Serratus anterior
- Pectoralis minor
- Rhomboids (Correct answer)
- Levator scapulae
Correct answer: Rhomboids
The rhomboid major and minor retract (adduct) the scapula toward the vertebral column and are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.
Question 2: In anatomical position, the radius is located on which side of the forearm?
- Medial (ulnar) side
- Posterior side
- Lateral (thumb) side (Correct answer)
- Anterior side only
Correct answer: Lateral (thumb) side
In anatomical position (palms forward), the radius is the lateral forearm bone on the thumb side, and the ulna is medial.
Question 3: What is the primary function of the transverse abdominis muscle?
- Trunk flexion
- Lateral trunk flexion
- Spinal stabilization by increasing intra-abdominal pressure (Correct answer)
- Hip flexion assistance
Correct answer: Spinal stabilization by increasing intra-abdominal pressure
The transversus abdominis acts as a corset muscle, contracting to increase intra-abdominal pressure and stabilize the lumbar spine before limb movement.
Question 4: The Achilles tendon is the combined tendon of which two muscles?
- Gastrocnemius and plantaris
- Soleus and plantaris
- Gastrocnemius and soleus (Correct answer)
- Soleus and tibialis posterior
Correct answer: Gastrocnemius and soleus
The Achilles (calcaneal) tendon is the combined insertion of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles into the posterior calcaneus.
Question 5: Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of most facial expression muscles?
- Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal)
- Cranial nerve VII (Facial) (Correct answer)
- Cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal)
- Cranial nerve XI (Accessory)
Correct answer: Cranial nerve VII (Facial)
Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve) provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, while CN V provides sensory innervation to the face.
Question 6: What is the name of the connective tissue sheath that surrounds an entire muscle?
- Endomysium
- Perimysium
- Epimysium (Correct answer)
- Fascia profunda
Correct answer: Epimysium
The epimysium is the outermost connective tissue layer surrounding the entire muscle belly; perimysium surrounds fascicles and endomysium surrounds individual fibers.
Question 7: Which type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens while under tension?
- Concentric contraction
- Isometric contraction
- Eccentric contraction (Correct answer)
- Isotonic contraction
Correct answer: Eccentric contraction
Eccentric contraction occurs when a muscle generates force while lengthening, such as the quadriceps controlling descent when walking downstairs.
NCBTMB Anatomy and Kinesiology 5
Which muscle is responsible for retracting (adducting) the scapula?