NCBTMB Anatomy and Kinesiology 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which muscle is the prime mover for shoulder abduction between 90–180 degrees?
- Supraspinatus
- Deltoid
- Trapezius (upper) (Correct answer)
- Serratus anterior
Correct answer: Trapezius (upper)
Above 90 degrees of shoulder abduction, the upper trapezius and serratus anterior rotate the scapula to complete the movement.
Question 2: The thoracolumbar fascia connects which two major structures?
- Spinous processes and iliac crest
- Latissimus dorsi and gluteus maximus (Correct answer)
- Erector spinae and sacrum
- Quadratus lumborum and transverse abdominis
Correct answer: Latissimus dorsi and gluteus maximus
The thoracolumbar fascia is a key force-transfer structure linking the latissimus dorsi to the contralateral gluteus maximus.
Question 3: Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured due to a fall on an outstretched hand?
- Lunate
- Trapezium
- Scaphoid (Correct answer)
- Pisiform
Correct answer: Scaphoid
The scaphoid is the most frequently fractured carpal bone and risks avascular necrosis due to its blood supply entering distally.
Question 4: What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
- Hinge joint
- Saddle joint (Correct answer)
- Ball-and-socket joint
- Plane (gliding) joint
Correct answer: Saddle joint
The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint, allowing elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, and rotation of the clavicle.
Question 5: The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by which structure?
- Inguinal ligament (Correct answer)
- Sartorius muscle
- Adductor longus muscle
- Iliacus muscle
Correct answer: Inguinal ligament
The inguinal ligament forms the superior (base) boundary of the femoral triangle, while sartorius and adductor longus form its lateral and medial walls.
Question 6: Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
- Intercostal nerves (T1–T6)
- Vagus nerve (CN X)
- Phrenic nerve (C3–C5) (Correct answer)
- Thoracic splanchnic nerves
Correct answer: Phrenic nerve (C3–C5)
The phrenic nerve (C3–C5) is the motor innervation to the diaphragm; the mnemonic 'C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive' is commonly used.
Question 7: Plantarflexion is primarily produced by which muscle group?
- Tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus
- Gastrocnemius and soleus (Correct answer)
- Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis
- Flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior
Correct answer: Gastrocnemius and soleus
The gastrocnemius and soleus (triceps surae) are the primary plantarflexors, inserting via the Achilles tendon onto the calcaneus.
NCBTMB Anatomy and Kinesiology 2
Which muscle is the prime mover for shoulder abduction between 90–180 degrees?