Kinesiology and Biomechanics Flashcards

Which rotator cuff muscle is most commonly involved in impingement syndrome?

Answer: Supraspinatus

The supraspinatus tendon is most frequently impinged under the coracoacromial arch, making it the most common rotator cuff muscle involved in shoulder impingement.

A force couple at the shoulder girdle involves coordinated action between the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and:

Answer: Serratus anterior

The serratus anterior works with the upper and lower trapezius to create upward rotation of the scapula through a force couple mechanism.

The center of gravity in the adult human body is typically located:

Answer: Anterior to the S2 vertebra

The center of gravity in adults is typically located just anterior to the second sacral segment (S2), within the pelvis.

Which plane of motion does lumbar lateral flexion occur in?

Answer: Frontal (coronal) plane

Lateral flexion of the lumbar spine occurs in the frontal (coronal) plane around an anterior-posterior axis.

Which muscle is the primary wrist flexor and also contributes to forearm pronation?

Answer: Flexor carpi radialis

The flexor carpi radialis is the primary wrist flexor and also assists in forearm pronation due to its distal attachment on the radial side.

During the gait cycle, heel strike to foot flat is part of which phase?

Answer: Loading response (stance phase)

Heel strike to foot flat represents the loading response, which is the initial portion of the stance phase in the gait cycle.

A client demonstrates excessive lumbar lordosis. Which muscle group is most likely shortened/overactive?

Answer: Hip flexors (iliopsoas)

Tight or overactive hip flexors, particularly the iliopsoas, anteriorly tilt the pelvis, increasing lumbar lordosis.