NCA Quebec Civil Law Basics

Question 1

The Civil Code of Québec (CCQ) came into force in which year, replacing the Civil Code of Lower Canada?

Accepted Answer

1994

Answer

The Civil Code of Québec came into force on January 1, 1994, replacing the Civil Code of Lower Canada (1866). It modernized Quebec's private law, covering persons, family, property, obligations, and civil liability.

Question 2

In Quebec civil law, the contract of sale is governed by which articles of the CCQ, and what is the vendor's primary obligation?

Accepted Answer

Articles 1708–1784; the vendor must deliver the property and warrant ownership

Answer

Sale is governed by CCQ articles 1708–1784. The vendor's primary obligations are to transfer ownership, deliver the property, and warrant against eviction (ownership warranty) and hidden defects (legal warranty of quality).

Question 3

Under the CCQ, what is the legal warranty against latent defects (vices cachés) in a contract of sale?

Accepted Answer

The vendor warrants that the property is free of defects that would have prevented the buyer from purchasing it or would have resulted in a lower price if known, and that the vendor did not know of the defects at the time of sale

Answer

Under CCQ art. 1726, the vendor is bound to warrant the buyer that the property and its accessories are free of latent defects that would have caused the buyer not to buy or pay a lower price. The warranty applies to both movables and immovables, though parties may contractually limit it.

Question 4

In Quebec, which doctrine governs the extinction of obligations over time, and what is the general prescription period for personal actions under the CCQ?

Accepted Answer

Prescription (prescription extinctive); 3 years for personal actions under CCQ art. 2925

Answer

Quebec uses 'prescription' (not limitation of actions) to describe the time-barring of rights. CCQ art. 2925 establishes a 3-year prescription period for personal actions (civil liability, contract claims). Real rights and hypothecs have their own periods.

Question 5

The Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms (CQLR, c. C-12) differs from the Canadian Charter in which significant way?

Accepted Answer

The Quebec Charter applies to both government action and private relationships, making it a quasi-constitutional instrument with broader private law reach

Answer

The Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms applies to both public and private actors (subject to certain limitations). As a quasi-constitutional statute, it prevails over other Quebec legislation unless that legislation expressly provides otherwise. This is a key distinction from the Canadian Charter.

NCA Exam Practice Test

NCA Exam Practice Test

NCA Quebec Civil Law Basics