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Pediatrics Flashcards

7 cards from real NBME practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. A 3-year-old with Down syndrome is found to have an atrioventricular septal defect. Which chromosomal location is the TRISOMY associated with?

    Answer: Chromosome 21

    Down syndrome results from trisomy 21 and is strongly associated with AVSD (endocardial cushion defect).

  2. A 16-year-old presents with an acute onset of unilateral scrotal pain, high-riding testis, and absence of a cremasteric reflex. Most urgent next step?

    Answer: Immediate surgical exploration

    Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency; immediate exploration is required within 6 hours to salvage the testis.

  3. An 18-month-old presents with fever for 6 days, irritability, cracked lips, strawberry tongue, cervical lymphadenopathy, and palm desquamation. Best treatment?

    Answer: IV immunoglobulin + aspirin

    Kawasaki disease is treated with IVIG (2 g/kg) plus high-dose aspirin to reduce coronary artery aneurysm risk.

  4. A 6-year-old with sickle cell disease presents with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, splenomegaly, pallor, and a hemoglobin drop from 9 to 4 g/dL. Diagnosis?

    Answer: Acute splenic sequestration

    Acute splenic sequestration in sickle cell disease causes sudden trapping of blood in the spleen, producing rapid anemia and splenomegaly.

  5. A 2-year-old ingests unknown pills from a grandmother's purse and develops bradycardia, miosis, excessive salivation, and bronchospasm. Most likely substance?

    Answer: Organophosphate compound

    Organophosphate poisoning causes cholinergic toxidrome: SLUDGE/DUMBELS findings including bradycardia and bronchospasm.

  6. A 6-month-old presents with clusters of brief flexor spasms, hypsarrhythmia on EEG, and developmental regression. Most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Infantile spasms (West syndrome)

    Infantile spasms (West syndrome) is characterized by clusters of flexor spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and developmental plateau/regression.

  7. A full-term neonate develops jaundice at 18 hours of life. Direct Coombs test is positive. Mother is O-negative; baby is A-positive. Diagnosis?

    Answer: ABO incompatibility hemolytic disease

    Early-onset jaundice with a positive Coombs in an O-negative mother with A or B baby indicates ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn.