NBEO Ocular Anatomy & Physiology 2

Question 1

What are rods and cones?

Accepted Answer

Photoreceptor cells in the retina: rods detect dim light (scotopic vision) and cones detect color and detail (photopic vision)

Answer

Types of surgical instruments

Answer

Parts of the lens

Answer

Blood vessel types in the retina

Question 2

What is the vitreous humor?

Accepted Answer

A clear gel filling the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains the eye's shape and holds the retina in place

Answer

The fluid in the anterior chamber

Answer

A type of tear film

Answer

The liquid inside the lens

Question 3

What is the tear film and what are its layers?

Accepted Answer

A three-layer film (lipid, aqueous, mucin) covering the cornea that provides lubrication, nutrition, and protection

Answer

A single layer of water on the cornea

Answer

A surgical membrane

Answer

A contact lens coating

Question 4

What is the pupillary light reflex?

Accepted Answer

The automatic constriction of the pupil in response to increased light intensity, mediated by the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Dilation of the pupil in bright light

Answer

The production of tears in bright light

Answer

Blinking in response to bright light

Question 5

What is accommodation?

Accepted Answer

The ability of the eye to change the shape of the crystalline lens to focus on objects at different distances

Answer

The adjustment of pupil size

Answer

The movement of the eye to track moving objects

Answer

The adaptation of the retina to different light levels

Question 6

What are the extraocular muscles and how many are there?

Accepted Answer

Six muscles that control eye movement: four rectus muscles (superior, inferior, medial, lateral) and two oblique muscles (superior, inferior)

Answer

Two muscles: up and down

Answer

Three muscles controlling the iris

Answer

Eight muscles surrounding the orbit