NBEO Neuro-Optometry & Visual Fields Flashcards
6 cards from real NBEO practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 NBEO Neuro-Optometry & Visual Fields flashcards as text
A patient has a right homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing. Where is the lesion most likely located?
Answer: Left occipital lobe
Macular-sparing homonymous hemianopia localizes to the occipital cortex because the macula has dual blood supply and a large cortical representation at the occipital pole.
Which pupillary finding is associated with Horner syndrome?
Answer: Miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis
Horner syndrome results from disruption of the sympathetic pathway and presents with miosis, ptosis (from superior and inferior tarsal muscles), and anhidrosis.
A Marcus Gunn pupil (relative afferent pupillary defect) indicates a lesion in which structure?
Answer: Afferent visual pathway (optic nerve or retina) on the affected side
A RAPD indicates asymmetric afferent input, meaning the optic nerve or retina on the affected side transmits less light signal to the midbrain.
Which visual field defect is produced by a lesion at the optic chiasm?
Answer: Bitemporal hemianopia
A chiasmal lesion (commonly a pituitary adenoma) damages crossing nasal fibers, resulting in loss of both temporal fields — bitemporal hemianopia.
What is the most common intracranial cause of a third nerve (CN III) palsy with pupil involvement?
Answer: Posterior communicating artery aneurysm
A posterior communicating artery aneurysm compresses the pupillomotor fibers on the outside of CN III, causing a complete third nerve palsy with a fixed, dilated pupil.
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is caused by a lesion in which structure?
Answer: Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)
INO results from disruption of the MLF, which connects the contralateral abducens nucleus to the ipsilateral medial rectus subnucleus, impairing adduction.