NBE Pediatric Echocardiography 2

Question 1

In a neonate with transposition of the great arteries (TGA), which echocardiographic finding confirms the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Aorta arising from the right ventricle and pulmonary artery from the left ventricle

Answer

In TGA, the aorta arises from the morphologic right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the morphologic left ventricle, resulting in ventriculoarterial discordance.

Question 2

When assessing tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in a child with suspected right ventricular dysfunction, where is the M-mode cursor placed?

Accepted Answer

At the lateral tricuspid annulus in the apical 4-chamber view

Answer

TAPSE is measured by placing the M-mode cursor at the lateral tricuspid annulus in the apical 4-chamber view and measuring the longitudinal displacement during systole.

Question 3

A 6-month-old infant has an unrestrictive ventricular septal defect (VSD). Which Doppler finding best indicates the development of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance?

Accepted Answer

Low-velocity bidirectional or right-to-left shunting across the VSD

Answer

Low-velocity bidirectional or right-to-left shunting across a VSD indicates near-equal or elevated pulmonary vascular resistance relative to systemic resistance.

Question 4

In pediatric echocardiography, the Z-score is used to interpret cardiac measurements. What does a Z-score of -2.5 for the aortic root dimension indicate?

Accepted Answer

The measurement is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean for body surface area

Answer

A Z-score of -2.5 indicates the aortic root dimension is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean expected value for a given body surface area.

Question 5

Which echocardiographic view is most useful for visualizing the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in tetralogy of Fallot?

Accepted Answer

High parasternal or parasternal short-axis view at the great vessel level

Answer

The high parasternal or parasternal short-axis view at the great vessel level best demonstrates the subpulmonary infundibulum, pulmonary valve, and main pulmonary artery in tetralogy of Fallot.

(NBE) National Board of Echocardiography Practice Test

(NBE) National Board of Echocardiography Practice Test

NBE Pediatric Echocardiography 2