NBDHE NBDHE Pharmacology in Dental Hygiene 5

Question 1

A patient with a penicillin allergy (hives, urticaria) requires antibiotic prophylaxis before a dental procedure. Which regimen is recommended?

Accepted Answer

Azithromycin 500 mg orally

Answer

Current AHA guidelines recommend azithromycin or clarithromycin 500 mg orally for patients allergic to penicillin who can take oral medications.

Question 2

Which mechanism explains corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis relevant to dental implant planning?

Accepted Answer

Decreased intestinal calcium absorption and increased osteoclast activity

Answer

Corticosteroids reduce intestinal calcium absorption, increase renal calcium excretion, and enhance osteoclast activity while suppressing osteoblasts, leading to bone loss.

Question 3

A patient is prescribed chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% oral rinse. Which instruction is most important to maximize its efficacy?

Accepted Answer

Avoid eating, drinking, and rinsing for 30 minutes after use

Answer

Eating, drinking, or rinsing after chlorhexidine use washes away the drug before it can bind to oral surfaces and exert its substantive antimicrobial effect.

Question 4

Which drug class used to treat hypertension is most commonly associated with drug-induced gingival overgrowth?

Accepted Answer

Calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine)

Answer

Calcium channel blockers, particularly nifedipine, are the most common antihypertensive drugs associated with gingival overgrowth due to altered gingival fibroblast activity.

Question 5

A patient taking metformin for type 2 diabetes is scheduled for a procedure requiring IV contrast dye. Why is this dental consideration important?

Accepted Answer

Metformin must be withheld to prevent lactic acidosis if contrast-induced nephrotoxicity occurs

Answer

Contrast media can cause acute kidney injury; if renal function declines, metformin accumulates and increases the risk of potentially fatal lactic acidosis.

NBDHE Test Practice Test

NBDHE Test Practice Test

NBDHE NBDHE Pharmacology in Dental Hygiene 5