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Research and Development Flashcards

7 cards from real NBCE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Research and Development flashcards as text

  1. In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, blinding applies to:

    Answer: Both the participants and the investigators administering treatment

    Double-blind means neither the participants nor the clinicians/assessors know group allocation, reducing performance and detection bias.

  2. Which study design is most suitable for investigating a rare adverse event potentially associated with spinal manipulation?

    Answer: Case-control study

    Case-control studies are efficient for rare outcomes because they start with cases who already have the outcome and compare them to controls.

  3. Forest plots in meta-analyses display:

    Answer: Effect estimates and confidence intervals from individual studies alongside a pooled estimate

    Forest plots graphically show each study's effect estimate with its CI and a weighted summary (diamond) representing the pooled result.

  4. Randomization in clinical trials primarily serves to:

    Answer: Balance known and unknown confounders between treatment groups

    Randomization distributes both measured and unmeasured confounders evenly across groups, supporting causal inference.

  5. The Belmont Report established three core ethical principles for human research. Which combination is correct?

    Answer: Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice

    The Belmont Report (1979) identified respect for persons, beneficence, and justice as the foundational principles of research ethics.

  6. Sensitivity analysis in a systematic review is conducted to:

    Answer: Test whether overall conclusions change when specific studies or assumptions are altered

    Sensitivity analyses test the robustness of pooled results by examining how conclusions change when certain studies or criteria are excluded or modified.

  7. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis in a clinical trial means that:

    Answer: All randomized participants are analyzed in their originally assigned groups regardless of adherence

    ITT analysis preserves the benefits of randomization by including all participants as allocated, regardless of protocol deviations.