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Canine Internal Medicine Flashcards

7 cards from real NAVLE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Canine Internal Medicine flashcards as text

  1. A 6-year-old Miniature Poodle has chronic small bowel diarrhea. Serum TLI is 2.0 µg/L (normal >2.5 µg/L). What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

    A serum TLI below 2.5 µg/L is diagnostic for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, reflecting markedly reduced pancreatic enzyme secretion.

  2. A 9-year-old Labrador Retriever is diagnosed with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (IRIS). Serum phosphorus is 6.8 mg/dL. Which intervention is most important to slow CKD progression?

    Answer: Phosphate restriction and phosphate binders

    Phosphate restriction through diet and phosphate binders reduces renal mineralization and is one of the most evidence-based strategies to slow CKD progression.

  3. A 4-year-old Labrador Retriever presents with acute respiratory distress after ingesting rat poison 2 days ago. PT and aPTT are severely prolonged; patient has pleural hemorrhage. Which rodenticide is most likely responsible?

    Answer: Brodifacoum (second-generation anticoagulant)

    Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides like brodifacoum inhibit vitamin K epoxide reductase, causing prolonged coagulopathy and hemorrhage 1–5 days post-ingestion.

  4. A 5-year-old Poodle presents with acute collapse, pale mucous membranes, and distended abdomen. Ultrasound reveals a large hepatic mass with free abdominal fluid. Which tumor is most commonly associated with hemoabdomen in dogs?

    Answer: Hemangiosarcoma

    Hemangiosarcoma of the spleen or liver is the most common cause of spontaneous hemoabdomen in dogs due to its highly vascular and fragile nature.

  5. A 7-year-old intact female Boxer presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and a serum sodium of 157 mEq/L. She is not pregnant. Endogenous ACTH stimulation test is normal. Which diagnosis is most consistent with these findings?

    Answer: Diestrus-associated acromegaly or progesterone-induced GH excess

    Progesterone during diestrus stimulates mammary GH secretion in intact females, causing insulin resistance, PU/PD, and hypernatremia (acromegaly-like syndrome).

  6. A 5-year-old Great Dane presents with sudden gastric dilation. Radiographs confirm gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). After stabilization and surgery, which procedure should be performed concurrently to prevent recurrence?

    Answer: Gastropexy

    Gastropexy permanently affixes the stomach to the body wall and reduces GDV recurrence from ~70–80% to less than 5%.

  7. An 11-year-old Cocker Spaniel with mitral valve disease is now in CHF (NYHA functional class III). Which combination of drugs is considered standard of care per the ACVIM 2019 consensus guidelines for dogs with CHF?

    Answer: Furosemide + pimobendan + enalapril

    The ACVIM 2019 consensus recommends furosemide, pimobendan, and an ACE inhibitor as the core triple therapy for dogs in CHF due to myxomatous mitral valve disease.