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Canine Internal Medicine Flashcards

7 cards from real NAVLE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 7 Canine Internal Medicine flashcards as text

  1. A 7-year-old Labrador Retriever presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and bilateral cataracts. Fasting blood glucose is 420 mg/dL. Which insulin type is most commonly used for initial management of canine diabetes mellitus?

    Answer: NPH insulin

    NPH insulin is the first-line choice for canine diabetes mellitus due to its intermediate duration matching the dog's twice-daily feeding schedule.

  2. A 5-year-old intact male Cocker Spaniel presents with acute vomiting, fever, and a painful cranial abdomen. Serum lipase is markedly elevated. Which dietary fat level is most appropriate during recovery?

    Answer: Low fat (<10% DM)

    Dogs recovering from pancreatitis should receive a low-fat diet (<10% DM) to minimize pancreatic stimulation and reduce recurrence risk.

  3. A 9-year-old Golden Retriever is diagnosed with protein-losing nephropathy. UPC ratio is 4.8. Which antihypertensive class is considered first-line therapy to reduce proteinuria?

    Answer: ACE inhibitors

    ACE inhibitors (e.g., enalapril, benazepril) reduce glomerular capillary pressure and proteinuria and are first-line therapy for PLN.

  4. A 4-year-old Boxer presents with episodic syncope. ECG reveals a wide, bizarre QRS complex occurring at a rate of 180 bpm with no preceding P waves. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Ventricular tachycardia

    Wide bizarre QRS complexes with no preceding P waves at a rapid rate are characteristic of ventricular tachycardia, common in Boxers with ARVC.

  5. A 6-year-old German Shepherd has chronic small bowel diarrhea, weight loss, and hypocobalaminemia. Serum folate is elevated. What is the most likely diagnosis?

    Answer: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) / dysbiosis

    Elevated folate (produced by bacteria) combined with low cobalamin (consumed by bacteria) is the classic pattern for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth/dysbiosis.

  6. A 10-year-old intact female dog presents with vaginal discharge, PU/PD, and leukocytosis with a left shift. Radiographs show a fluid-filled uterus. Which finding would support a closed-cervix pyometra over an open-cervix pyometra?

    Answer: More severe azotemia and toxemia

    Closed-cervix pyometra prevents drainage, leading to greater systemic toxemia, azotemia, and more severe clinical signs compared to open-cervix cases.

  7. A 3-year-old Beagle presents with seizures and a serum ammonia of 280 µmol/L. Abdominal ultrasound reveals a single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Which amino acid supplementation is MOST important in this patient's management?

    Answer: Arginine

    Arginine is essential for the urea cycle; dogs with PSS may develop arginine deficiency, worsening hyperammonemia, so supplementation is important.