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NAVLE Canine Medicine and Surgery 5 is a VIP-exclusive practice test — only for VIP members.

Question 1👑 VIP

A 7-year-old intact male Golden Retriever presents with progressive exercise intolerance, muffled heart sounds, and jugular venous distension. Echocardiography reveals a large pericardial effusion. Cytology of the pericardial fluid shows hemorrhagic fluid with no neoplastic cells identified. Which of the following is the MOST likely underlying etiology?

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