Natural Language Processing Parsing and Syntactic Analysis 3

Question 1

The Penn Treebank (PTB) uses which annotation scheme?

Accepted Answer

Phrase-structure (constituency) trees with bracket notation

Answer

Universal Dependency (UD) labels

Answer

CoNLL dependency format

Answer

AMR (Abstract Meaning Representation)

Question 2

What does the Universal Dependencies (UD) project provide?

Accepted Answer

A cross-linguistically consistent dependency annotation scheme and treebanks for 100+ languages

Answer

A single grammar that covers all possible languages

Answer

A tool for unsupervised grammar induction

Answer

A universal vocabulary for NLP models

Question 3

What is 'garden path' ambiguity in parsing?

Accepted Answer

A sentence that initially seems to follow one parse but requires reanalysis partway through

Answer

Ambiguity caused by misspelled words

Answer

A parsing error due to an incomplete grammar

Answer

A sentence with no valid parse

Question 4

In the context of neural dependency parsing, what does a 'transition-based' parser do?

Accepted Answer

It predicts a sequence of actions (shift, left-arc, right-arc) to build the dependency tree incrementally

Answer

It searches all possible parse trees exhaustively

Answer

It uses a CRF to label each word independently

Answer

It converts the sentence to CNF before parsing

Question 5

What metric is most commonly used to evaluate the accuracy of a dependency parser?

Accepted Answer

Labeled Attachment Score (LAS) and Unlabeled Attachment Score (UAS)

Answer

BLEU score

Answer

F1 score on named entities

Answer

Perplexity

Question 6

What is binarization of a CFG parse tree used for?

Accepted Answer

Converting n-ary branching trees to binary branching trees to enable CYK parsing

Answer

Reducing the vocabulary size

Answer

Eliminating recursive rules

Answer

Compressing the grammar to fewer rules

Question 7

What is 'semantic role labeling' (SRL) and how does it relate to parsing?

Accepted Answer

SRL identifies the semantic roles (agent, patient, instrument) of constituents relative to a predicate, often building on syntactic parse output

Answer

SRL is another name for POS tagging

Answer

SRL clusters sentences by topic

Answer

SRL is the task of word sense disambiguation