Exercise Science Fundamentals Flashcards

Which proprioceptor, located at the musculotendinous junction, senses changes in muscle tension and the rate of that change?

Answer: Golgi tendon organ

Golgi tendon organs detect changes in tension and, when stimulated, cause the muscle to relax (autogenic inhibition).

A dumbbell lateral raise occurs primarily in which plane of motion?

Answer: Frontal plane

Lateral raises involve shoulder abduction, a movement that occurs in the frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis.

After a high-intensity interval session, a client's metabolism stays elevated for hours. What is this effect called?

Answer: Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

EPOC is the elevated oxygen consumption after exercise used to restore homeostasis, such as replenishing ATP-PC stores and clearing lactate.

Which muscle group works as a force-couple to produce upward rotation of the scapula?

Answer: Upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior

The upper and lower trapezius pull together with the serratus anterior to upwardly rotate the scapula during overhead reaching.

According to the sliding filament theory, which region of the sarcomere stays the same length during a concentric contraction?

Answer: A-band

The A-band matches the length of the myosin filaments, which do not shorten, while the I-band and H-zone narrow.

The ATP-PC (phosphagen) system can sustain maximal effort for roughly how long before other systems take over?

Answer: 10-15 seconds

Stored ATP and creatine phosphate fuel maximal efforts for about 10-15 seconds.

At rest and during low-intensity, long-duration activity, which macronutrient is the body's primary fuel source?

Answer: Fat

At rest and low intensities, the oxidative system relies mainly on fat through beta-oxidation.