NACE Fluid and Electrolyte Balance 3

Question 1

A patient is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which primary intervention should the nurse implement?

Accepted Answer

Restrict fluid intake per physician orders

Answer

Increase dietary sodium to replace losses

Answer

Increase potassium-rich foods in the diet

Answer

Administer hypertonic saline at a rapid rate

Question 2

A patient with diabetes insipidus has a urine specific gravity of 1.001 and urinary output of 8 L/day. Which medication does the nurse anticipate administering?

Accepted Answer

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Answer

Furosemide (Lasix)

Answer

Spironolactone

Answer

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 3

A patient's serum calcium is 12.5 mg/dL. Which priority intervention should the nurse implement for hypercalcemia?

Accepted Answer

Encourage oral fluid intake and ambulation

Answer

Administer calcium gluconate IV push

Answer

Prepare the patient for emergency hemodialysis

Answer

Apply seizure precautions and pad side rails

Question 4

Which patient is most at risk for developing hypokalemia?

Accepted Answer

A patient taking hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension

Answer

A patient with Addison's disease on fludrocortisone

Answer

A patient with oliguric acute kidney injury

Answer

A patient receiving potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 5

A nurse is caring for a patient with hypernatremia (serum Na+ 158 mEq/L). Which IV fluid would the nurse anticipate administering to correct this imbalance?

Accepted Answer

0.45% sodium chloride (half-normal saline)

Answer

3% sodium chloride

Answer

0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline)

Answer

Lactated Ringer's solution

Question 6

A nurse reviews morning labs: Na+ 140 mEq/L, K+ 3.2 mEq/L, Cl- 98 mEq/L, HCO3- 28 mEq/L. Which imbalance does the nurse identify?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Metabolic acidosis

Answer

Hypernatremia

Question 7

A patient is prescribed 1,000 mL of 0.9% NaCl to infuse over 8 hours. The IV tubing has a drop factor of 15 gtt/mL. What is the correct drip rate in gtt/min?

Accepted Answer

31 gtt/min

Answer

21 gtt/min

Answer

42 gtt/min

Answer

125 gtt/min