MTTC MTTC Biology 2

Question 1

Which process converts glucose into pyruvate during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and converts one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, yielding a net gain of 2 ATP.

Question 2

A student observes that a plant placed near a window grows toward the light. This response is called:

Accepted Answer

Phototropism

Answer

Phototropism is the directional growth of a plant in response to light, mediated by unequal distribution of auxin.

Question 3

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome and uses its anticodon to match codons on mRNA.

Question 4

A population of beetles lives on light-colored bark. Over many generations, birds eat more dark beetles than light ones. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Answer

Directional selection favors one extreme phenotype (light color) over others, shifting the population's average trait in one direction.

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Answer

Peroxisomes contain enzymes like catalase that break down hydrogen peroxide and other toxic molecules in liver and kidney cells.

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