Foundations of Reading Flashcards

What is the primary distinction between phonological awareness and phonemic awareness?

Answer: Phonological awareness is a broader skill that includes awareness of words, syllables, and phonemes, while phonemic awareness specifically focuses on individual phonemes

Phonological awareness is an umbrella term encompassing awareness of larger sound units like words and syllables, while phonemic awareness is the specific ability to identify and manipulate individual phonemes.

Which of the following is the best example of a phonemic segmentation task?

Answer: Breaking the word 'ship' into /ʃ/, /ɪ/, /p/

Phonemic segmentation involves breaking a word into its individual phonemes, such as separating 'ship' into /ʃ/, /ɪ/, and /p/.

The alphabetic principle refers to which of the following concepts?

Answer: The understanding that letters and letter combinations represent sounds in spoken language

The alphabetic principle is the foundational concept that written letters and letter patterns systematically represent spoken sounds, which is essential for learning to read and spell.

Which type of phonics instruction teaches letter-sound relationships in a predetermined, sequential order with direct teacher modeling?

Answer: Systematic explicit phonics

Systematic explicit phonics teaches letter-sound correspondences in a planned, sequential manner with direct teacher instruction, which research consistently shows is the most effective approach for beginning readers.

A student reads 'I have a dog' as 'I has a dog.' This oral reading error is best described as which type of miscue?

Answer: Syntactic cuing error

Substituting 'has' for 'have' reflects a syntactic error because the student altered verb agreement, suggesting reliance on syntactic cues rather than graphophonic information.

Which activity best represents an onset-rime task?

Answer: Asking students to identify the onset /pl-/ and the rime /-ay/ in the word 'play'

Onset-rime tasks divide a syllable into its onset (initial consonant or consonant cluster) and its rime (the vowel and any following consonants), as demonstrated by separating 'play' into /pl-/ and /-ay/.

Orthographic mapping is best described as which of the following processes?

Answer: The process by which readers form permanent memory connections between written words, their pronunciations, and meanings

Orthographic mapping is the cognitive process by which readers permanently bond the spellings, pronunciations, and meanings of words in long-term memory, enabling rapid and automatic word recognition.