MSNCB Health Promotion & Disease Prevention 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A nurse is educating a patient about modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Which factor is classified as non-modifiable?
- Hypertension
- Hyperlipidemia
- Family history of heart disease (Correct answer)
- Physical inactivity
Correct answer: Family history of heart disease
Family history (genetics) is a non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, unlike hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and inactivity, which can be changed.
Question 2: A patient with a history of alcohol use disorder asks about liver disease prevention. Which nursing response demonstrates the most effective primary prevention strategy?
- Schedule quarterly liver function tests
- Encourage complete abstinence from alcohol and provide referral to support services (Correct answer)
- Recommend low-dose alcohol consumption to reduce withdrawal risk
- Order a hepatic ultrasound immediately
Correct answer: Encourage complete abstinence from alcohol and provide referral to support services
Primary prevention of alcohol-related liver disease centers on cessation of alcohol use; referral to support services addresses the underlying addiction.
Question 3: A nurse applies the Health Belief Model to understand why a patient refuses the herpes zoster (shingles) vaccine. The patient says, 'I don't think I'll ever get shingles.' Which barrier does this represent?
- Low perceived severity
- Low perceived susceptibility (Correct answer)
- High perceived barriers
- Lack of cues to action
Correct answer: Low perceived susceptibility
Low perceived susceptibility means the patient does not believe they are at risk for the condition, which reduces motivation to seek preventive care.
Question 4: A nurse is assessing fall risk in a hospitalized 78-year-old patient. Which intervention is considered primary prevention of fall-related injury in this population?
- Placing a fall alert bracelet after the patient falls
- Non-slip footwear, bed alarms, and hourly rounding before any fall occurs (Correct answer)
- Completing a bone density scan post-fall
- Administering calcium supplements only after a fracture
Correct answer: Non-slip footwear, bed alarms, and hourly rounding before any fall occurs
Primary prevention of falls involves implementing measures—such as non-slip footwear, bed alarms, and rounding—before a fall event occurs.
Question 5: A nurse teaches a patient about cervical cancer prevention. Which statement best reflects current CDC and ACOG guidelines?
- Pap smear is recommended annually starting at age 18
- HPV vaccine is recommended for all individuals through age 26, and Pap smear with HPV co-test every 5 years for women 30–65 (Correct answer)
- HPV vaccine is only for females under age 18
- Cervical cancer screening is unnecessary if the HPV vaccine was received
Correct answer: HPV vaccine is recommended for all individuals through age 26, and Pap smear with HPV co-test every 5 years for women 30–65
Current guidelines recommend HPV vaccination through age 26, and co-testing (Pap + HPV) every 5 years for women aged 30–65 for cervical cancer prevention and early detection.
Question 6: A nurse is conducting a community health fair and wants to assess the population's health literacy. Which approach best evaluates health literacy?
- Asking participants their highest level of education completed
- Using validated tools such as the REALM or TOHFLA to assess reading and comprehension (Correct answer)
- Observing whether participants fill out forms correctly
- Administering a general knowledge quiz about health topics
Correct answer: Using validated tools such as the REALM or TOHFLA to assess reading and comprehension
Validated tools like the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) or Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOHFLA) accurately assess health literacy levels.
Question 7: A patient with type 2 diabetes is preparing for a long-haul flight. Which health promotion advice is most important related to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prevention?
- Avoid all fluids during the flight to reduce edema
- Perform calf exercises, walk periodically, and stay well hydrated (Correct answer)
- Wear compression stockings only if symptoms develop
- Take aspirin 24 hours before the flight as prophylaxis
Correct answer: Perform calf exercises, walk periodically, and stay well hydrated
DVT prevention during prolonged travel includes regular calf muscle exercises, periodic ambulation, and adequate hydration to promote venous return.
MSNCB Health Promotion & Disease Prevention 4
A nurse is educating a patient about modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Which factor is classified as non-modifiable?