MS MS in Psychology

Question 1

Which research design randomly assigns participants to conditions to establish cause-and-effect relationships?

Accepted Answer

Randomized controlled experiment

Answer

Correlational study

Answer

Case study

Answer

Naturalistic observation

Question 2

What term describes the tendency to seek information that confirms pre-existing beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Answer

Availability heuristic

Answer

Anchoring bias

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with reward, motivation, and pleasure pathways in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 4

In Piaget's theory, which stage (ages 7–11) is characterized by logical thinking about concrete objects?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Answer

Preoperational stage

Answer

Formal operational stage

Answer

Sensorimotor stage

Question 5

What is the independent variable in a psychology experiment?

Accepted Answer

The variable manipulated by the researcher

Answer

The variable measured as the outcome

Answer

The variable held constant across conditions

Answer

The variable used to control for extraneous effects

Question 6

Which statistical value indicates the probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true?

Accepted Answer

p-value

Answer

Effect size

Answer

Confidence interval

Answer

Standard deviation