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Gastroenterology & Neurology Flashcards

6 cards from real MRCP PART 1 practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Gastroenterology & Neurology flashcards as text

  1. Which drug is used to reverse the effects of warfarin in a patient with a life-threatening bleed?

    Answer: 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) plus IV vitamin K

    For life-threatening warfarin-associated bleeding (e.g., intracranial haemorrhage), 4-factor PCC (Beriplex, Octaplex) reverses anticoagulation rapidly by replacing factors II, VII, IX, and X. IV vitamin K 5–10mg is given concurrently for sustained reversal. PCC works within minutes versus hours for FFP.

  2. A patient is found to have multiple hepatic haemangiomas on ultrasound. No other lesions are seen. What is the most appropriate management?

    Answer: Reassurance — most haemangiomas require no treatment or surveillance

    Hepatic haemangiomas are the most common benign liver tumour and are almost always incidental findings. In patients without symptoms, normal liver function, and typical imaging features, no treatment or surveillance is required. Biopsy risks haemorrhage and should be avoided.

  3. A 25-year-old man with a first unprovoked seizure is otherwise well and has a normal MRI and EEG. What should he be told about driving in the UK?

    Answer: He must not drive for 1 year and inform the DVLA

    DVLA regulations require that after a first unprovoked seizure, a group 1 licence holder (car/motorcycle) must not drive for 1 year from the date of the seizure. The patient must inform the DVLA. Driving may resume if they remain seizure-free for 1 year.

  4. What is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the UK?

    Answer: Paracetamol overdose

    Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the UK, accounting for approximately 70% of cases. It causes hepatocellular necrosis via N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) accumulation when glutathione stores are depleted.

  5. A patient with MS presents with an acute relapse causing significant disability. What is the appropriate treatment?

    Answer: High-dose IV methylprednisolone (500mg–1g daily for 3–5 days)

    High-dose IV methylprednisolone (or high-dose oral methylprednisolone in some centres) is the standard treatment for an acute MS relapse causing significant functional impairment. It shortens the duration of the relapse but does not alter long-term disability progression.

  6. Which clinical sign indicates meningeal irritation when tested by flexion of the knee after passive hip flexion in a supine patient?

    Answer: Kernig's sign

    Kernig's sign is positive when a patient in the supine position, with the hip and knee both flexed to 90°, resists or is unable to extend the knee due to pain. It indicates meningeal irritation and is positive in meningitis or subarachnoid haemorrhage.