MPH Epidemiology & Biostatistics 2

Question 1

In a case-control study, which measure of association is typically calculated?

Accepted Answer

Odds ratio

Answer

Relative risk

Answer

Attributable risk

Answer

Incidence rate ratio

Question 2

What is 'selection bias' in epidemiological research?

Accepted Answer

Systematic error in how participants are recruited into a study

Answer

Misclassification of exposure or outcome

Answer

Confounding by an unmeasured variable

Answer

Random error due to small sample size

Question 3

The number needed to treat (NNT) is the reciprocal of:

Accepted Answer

Absolute risk reduction

Answer

Relative risk

Answer

Odds ratio

Answer

Number needed to harm

Question 4

Which statistical test is appropriate for comparing means between two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

Independent samples t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Paired t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Question 5

Confounding in epidemiology refers to:

Accepted Answer

A third variable that is associated with both exposure and outcome

Answer

Random error that distorts results

Answer

Measurement error in the outcome variable

Answer

Publication bias in the literature

Question 6

What is the purpose of stratified analysis in epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

To examine associations within subgroups and control for confounding

Answer

To increase sample size

Answer

To randomize participants into groups

Answer

To calculate incidence rates from prevalence data