MNT Nail Anatomy and Pathology 3

Question 1

Terry's nails are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Brown distal band with white proximal nail plate, associated with cirrhosis, heart failure, or diabetes

Answer

Complete nail plate absence

Answer

Longitudinal ridging only

Answer

Subungual hyperkeratosis throughout

Question 2

Which nail pathology is most commonly caused by repeated microtrauma to the nail matrix?

Accepted Answer

Habit-tic deformity (central nail dystrophy)

Answer

Onycholysis

Answer

Subungual melanoma

Answer

Onychomycosis

Question 3

A patient presents with a yellow, thickened, slow-growing nail with increased curvature and absent lunula. This describes:

Accepted Answer

Yellow nail syndrome

Answer

Nail psoriasis

Answer

Onychomycosis

Answer

Onychogryphosis

Question 4

The proximal nail fold is important clinically because:

Accepted Answer

Capillary changes in the nail fold can indicate connective tissue disease (e.g., scleroderma, lupus)

Answer

It produces the free edge of the nail

Answer

It is the primary site of fungal entry

Answer

It synthesizes melanin for nail color

Question 5

Onychoschizia refers to:

Accepted Answer

Lamellar splitting and peeling of the distal nail plate

Answer

Nail plate thickening with subungual debris

Answer

Complete nail loss

Answer

Nail matrix destruction from fungus

Question 6

Which systemic condition is most strongly associated with clubbing (expanded, curved nail with increased angle)?

Accepted Answer

Chronic hypoxia from pulmonary or cardiac disease

Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer

Psoriasis

Answer

Raynaud's phenomenon