MJDF Study Guide 2026

Bitewing radiographs are specifically designed to show the crowns of upper and lower teeth simultaneously, making them ideal for detecting interproximal caries and assessing the alveolar crest height.

The trigeminal nerve (CN V) has three divisions: V1 (ophthalmic) supplies sensation to the forehead, upper eyelid, and nose dorsum; V2 (maxillary) supplies the mid-face, maxillary teeth (via posterior, middle, and anterior superior alveolar nerves), and palate (via greater and lesser palatine and nasopalatine nerves); V3 (mandibular) supplies the lower face, mandibular teeth (via the inferior alveolar nerve), lower lip and chin (mental nerve), tongue (lingual nerve — general sensation), and buccal mucosa (long buccal nerve). V3 is the only division with motor fibres (muscles of mastication).

Aspirin irreversibly acetylates platelet COX-1, eliminating thromboxane A2-mediated platelet aggregation for the platelet's entire lifespan, significantly increasing post-extraction bleeding risk.

Class II Division 2 is distinguished by retroclined upper central incisors, a markedly deep overbite, and an increased curve of Spee, often on a mild Class II or Class I skeletal base.

Apical transportation (also called apical 'zipping' or 'elbow formation') is an iatrogenic procedural error where the apical foramen is displaced from its original position due to excessive straightening of curved canals.

Smile4Life is a national framework for improving the oral health of vulnerable adults in Scotland, addressing the significant oral health inequalities experienced by people with learning disabilities, mental health conditions, and older care home residents.