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Pharmacology & Pain Control Flashcards

6 cards from real MJDF practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Pharmacology & Pain Control flashcards as text

  1. What is the mechanism by which tetracyclines are deposited in developing teeth?

    Answer: Chelate with calcium ions in calcifying tissues forming tetracycline-calcium orthophosphate complexes — permanent staining

    Tetracyclines chelate with calcium ions during mineralisation of dentine and enamel, forming permanent yellow-brown fluorescent complexes; contraindicated in children under 12 and during pregnancy.

  2. What drug is used to prevent dry socket (alveolar osteitis) in high-risk patients?

    Answer: Chlorhexidine mouthwash pre- and post-operatively; oxidised cellulose or resorbable gelatin sponge intra-socket

    Pre-operative chlorhexidine mouthwash (0.12–0.2%) and intra-socket placement of resorbable materials (oxidised cellulose, Alvogyl) reduce dry socket incidence in high-risk patients (smokers, previous dry socket, lower molars).

  3. What is the dental significance of patients taking bisphosphonates for osteoporosis?

    Answer: Risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of jaw (MRONJ) after invasive dental procedures — requires risk assessment before extraction

    Bisphosphonates (oral and particularly IV) impair bone remodelling; invasive dental procedures (extractions, implants, periodontal surgery) can trigger MRONJ, requiring MDT risk assessment and preventive strategies.

  4. What is the mechanism of action of fluoride in caries prevention?

    Answer: Incorporates into hydroxyapatite as fluorapatite (more acid-resistant), inhibits bacterial enolase, and enhances remineralisation

    Fluoride forms fluorapatite (less soluble at acid pH), inhibits bacterial glycolysis (enolase inhibition reducing acid production), and promotes remineralisation of early carious lesions.

  5. What drug class should be avoided in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma (Samter's triad) requiring dental pain control?

    Answer: All NSAIDs (cross-sensitivity is common)

    Samter's triad (asthma, nasal polyps, aspirin sensitivity) involves COX-1 inhibition shifting arachidonic acid to leukotriene production; all NSAIDs carry cross-sensitivity risk and must be avoided, with paracetamol used instead.

  6. What is the principal mechanism of action of nitrous oxide in conscious sedation?

    Answer: Inhibits NMDA glutamate receptors and modulates endogenous opioid system, causing analgesia and anxiolysis

    Nitrous oxide primarily inhibits NMDA receptors (reducing excitatory neurotransmission) and stimulates endogenous opioid release, producing analgesia, anxiolysis, and mild sedation without significant respiratory depression.