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Pharmacology & Pain Control Flashcards

6 cards from real MJDF practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

Read the first 6 Pharmacology & Pain Control flashcards as text

  1. Which analgesic combination is recommended by NICE for post-operative dental pain in adults without contraindications?

    Answer: Ibuprofen 400 mg + paracetamol 1 g (alternating or combined)

    Evidence supports the combination of an NSAID (ibuprofen 400 mg) with paracetamol 1 g for dental pain, providing superior analgesia through complementary mechanisms compared to either drug alone.

  2. What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs in dental pain management?

    Answer: Inhibit COX-1 and COX-2, reducing prostaglandin synthesis at the site of inflammation

    NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) inhibit cyclo-oxygenase enzymes (COX-1/COX-2), reducing prostaglandin production at sites of dental/periodontal inflammation, thereby reducing pain and swelling.

  3. What drug interaction must be considered when prescribing metronidazole to a dental patient?

    Answer: Metronidazole inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase — serious interaction with alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction)

    Metronidazole inhibits alcohol metabolism, causing acetaldehyde accumulation; patients must be warned to avoid alcohol during and for 48 hours after the course due to the severe disulfiram-like reaction.

  4. What is the first-line antibiotic for acute dentoalveolar abscess in a non-penicillin-allergic patient?

    Answer: Amoxicillin 500 mg three times daily for 5 days

    Amoxicillin 500 mg TDS for 5 days is the first-line antibiotic for acute dentoalveolar abscess when systemic signs are present and drainage alone is insufficient, per PHE antimicrobial guidelines.

  5. What is the mechanism of action of midazolam in conscious sedation?

    Answer: Positive allosteric modulator of GABA-A receptors, enhancing chloride channel opening (CNS depression)

    Midazolam (a benzodiazepine) binds allosterically to GABA-A receptors, increasing frequency of chloride channel opening in response to GABA, producing anxiolysis, amnesia, and sedation.

  6. Which enzyme system is responsible for the rapid hepatic metabolism of midazolam?

    Answer: CYP3A4 (cytochrome P450)

    Midazolam is extensively metabolised by CYP3A4 in the liver; inhibitors of CYP3A4 (e.g., erythromycin, fluconazole) increase midazolam plasma levels, prolonging sedation.