Human Disease Flashcards
6 cards from real MFDS practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Human Disease flashcards as text
Which haematological finding is pathognomonic of pernicious anaemia?
Answer: Hypersegmented neutrophils and macrocytosis
Pernicious anaemia (B12 deficiency) causes megaloblastic changes including hypersegmented neutrophils (>5 lobes) and macro-ovalocytes on the blood film.
The oral manifestation of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus includes:
Answer: Accelerated periodontitis and xerostomia
Uncontrolled diabetes is associated with accelerated periodontal disease due to impaired neutrophil function, increased susceptibility to xerostomia and altered wound healing.
A patient on long-term corticosteroids is at risk of which complication during dental surgery?
Answer: Adrenal crisis due to adrenal suppression
Long-term corticosteroids suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; patients cannot mount a normal cortisol response to surgical stress, risking adrenal crisis.
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease) presents with oral telangiectases and:
Answer: Recurrent epistaxis and mucocutaneous telangiectases
HHT is an autosomal dominant condition causing abnormal vascular structures (telangiectases and AVMs) leading to recurrent spontaneous bleeds, particularly epistaxis.
Which systemic condition is most commonly associated with erythema multiforme?
Answer: Herpes simplex virus infection
The most common precipitant of recurrent erythema multiforme is herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, which triggers an immune-mediated reaction.
In haemophilia A, which clotting factor is deficient?
Answer: Factor VIII
Haemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by deficiency of coagulation factor VIII, leading to prolonged bleeding after trauma or surgery.