Medical Laboratory Technician Hematology and Coagulation Questions and Answers Flashcards
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A patient's blood smear shows hypersegmented neutrophils with macro-ovalocytes. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely responsible for these findings?
Answer: Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
Hypersegmented neutrophils and macro-ovalocytes are hallmark findings of megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.
Which coagulation pathway is assessed by the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)?
Answer: Intrinsic and common pathways
The aPTT evaluates factors in the intrinsic pathway (XII, XI, IX, VIII) and the common pathway (X, V, II, fibrinogen).
What is the expected reticulocyte count pattern in a patient with aplastic anemia?
Answer: Decreased reticulocyte count
Aplastic anemia involves bone marrow failure, resulting in decreased production of all cell lines including reticulocytes.
A prolonged thrombin time (TT) that corrects with a mixing study most likely indicates which condition?
Answer: Factor deficiency
Correction with a mixing study indicates a factor deficiency rather than an inhibitor, as the normal plasma supplies the missing factor.
Which hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern is characteristic of sickle cell trait (HbAS)?
Answer: HbA greater than HbS with normal HbA2
In sickle cell trait, HbA predominates over HbS (typically 55-60% HbA and 35-40% HbS) with normal HbA2 levels.
What does a positive D-dimer result indicate in the context of coagulation testing?
Answer: Active fibrinolysis of cross-linked fibrin
D-dimer is a specific degradation product of cross-linked fibrin, indicating that both thrombin generation and plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis have occurred.