Medical Knowledge Pathophysiology 3

Question 1

What is the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Accepted Answer

Progressive loss of nephrons leading to decreased GFR

Answer

Acute inflammation causing sudden renal failure

Answer

Obstruction of the urinary collecting system

Answer

Autoimmune destruction of adrenal glands

Question 2

What is the mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Insulin resistance combined with relative insulin deficiency

Answer

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells

Answer

Absence of glucagon production

Answer

Excessive unregulated insulin secretion

Question 3

What causes pulmonary edema in left-sided heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Increased pulmonary capillary pressure forcing fluid into alveoli

Answer

Fluid overload driven by kidneys

Answer

Infection of lung tissue

Answer

Obstruction of pulmonary arteries

Question 4

What defines anemia?

Accepted Answer

Reduced hemoglobin or red blood cell mass below normal

Answer

Insufficient white blood cells

Answer

Elevated platelet count

Answer

Bone marrow failure only

Question 5

What is the pathophysiology of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Accepted Answer

Clot formation in deep veins due to Virchow's triad

Answer

Inflammation of superficial veins

Answer

Arterial occlusion in the legs

Answer

Lymphatic obstruction causing swelling

Question 6

What is the primary pathological feature of emphysema?

Accepted Answer

Permanent destruction of alveolar walls reducing gas exchange surface area

Answer

Airway wall thickening and mucus plugging

Answer

Pulmonary arterial hypertension

Answer

Pleural inflammation and fibrosis