ME or MEng Master of Engineering Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Bernoulli's equation is derived from which conservation principle?
- Conservation of mass
- Conservation of momentum
- Conservation of energy (Correct answer)
- Conservation of angular momentum
Correct answer: Conservation of energy
Bernoulli's equation is derived from the energy equation for steady, inviscid, incompressible flow along a streamline.
Question 2: The Reynolds number for flow in a pipe transitions from laminar to turbulent at approximately:
- Re = 500
- Re = 2300 (Correct answer)
- Re = 10,000
- Re = 100,000
Correct answer: Re = 2300
For pipe flow, laminar conditions persist below Re ≈ 2300, with transition to turbulence occurring between 2300 and 4000.
Question 3: The Darcy-Weisbach equation is used to calculate:
- Lift on an airfoil
- Head loss due to friction in pipe flow (Correct answer)
- Buoyancy force on submerged bodies
- Pressure at the stagnation point
Correct answer: Head loss due to friction in pipe flow
The Darcy-Weisbach equation h_f = f(L/D)(V²/2g) calculates major (friction) head losses in pipe flow.
Question 4: Pascal's Law states that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid:
- Decreases with depth
- Is transmitted equally in all directions (Correct answer)
- Acts only in the direction of gravity
- Is proportional to the fluid's viscosity
Correct answer: Is transmitted equally in all directions
Pascal's Law states that a pressure change at any point in a confined, incompressible fluid is transmitted equally throughout.
Question 5: The continuity equation for steady incompressible flow requires that:
- Pressure is constant along a streamline
- The product of cross-sectional area and velocity is constant (Correct answer)
- Viscosity is zero throughout the flow
- Flow velocity is uniform across any cross section
Correct answer: The product of cross-sectional area and velocity is constant
For incompressible steady flow, A₁V₁ = A₂V₂, meaning the volumetric flow rate is conserved along the flow path.
Question 6: Dynamic viscosity has SI units of:
- m²/s
- Pa·s (Correct answer)
- N/m²
- kg/m³
Correct answer: Pa·s
Dynamic (absolute) viscosity μ has SI units of Pascal-seconds (Pa·s), equivalent to N·s/m² or kg/(m·s).
Bernoulli's equation is derived from which conservation principle?